ASG Sewing Blog – Page 46

August 31, 2021

Chapter News: Central MA – Upcycling Project

Upcycling text An upcycling article in Threads Magazine was the inspiration behind a member contest in the Central MA ASG chapter. Four chapter members participated in the contest and they were judged by two members the North New Jersey chapter, and one from the San Jose chapter. The criteria was to make a garment from one or two pieces of an existing garment. They could also use one yard of either purchased fabric or fabric from their own fabric stash. Read on to hear the members explain their projects:

First Place Winner – Denise Carlson

I was entering this contest with a lot of apprehension because I rarely alter clothes as I don’t like to do so. I used two of my late father’s shirts. I am proud of myself for completely reconstructing his shirts to make it my own. The shirt “called” for different seam finishes. The shoulder seams were flat-felled and one side seam (which one of his shirts had), serged seams and the armhole has seam binding. I made a blind hem, and I inserted an invisible zipper in the side seam. I can honestly say that from start to finish, I truly did not stress about this. I took my time and very carefully documented all the pieces. I measured many times and placed the patterns on the fabric and then waited a day or two before deciding if I wanted to use it in that manner.

I drafted my front and side front from my sloper which I already had from my Master Seamstress classes and used my flat pattern book to design the front. I already had my princess seam pattern for the back. I combined the two to make my shirt.

Denise Carlson Contest Entry

Second Place Winner – Barbara Hendricks

Given the guidelines for the contest (2 garments only, 1 yard of stash fabric allowed), Barbara decided to use a pair of men’s jeans from her denim upcycle collection, a partial leather jacket which she had already used for the soles on baby shoes, and about a half yard of fabric from her stash for the lapels. She also had a navy blue separating zipper in her stash to use as well. Barbara made a vest from Simplicity Pattern #1499, which she had used previously which meant she didn’t have to purchase anything.

She began the project with the back of the leather jacket which was largely intact, so she cut the back of the vest out of that, lining up the pattern CB fold line with the center seam of the jacket; therefore, I eliminated the need to sew the center back seam by using the original one in the jacket. I followed the pattern instructions to a great extent, using known techniques for denim and leather, especially needle types and sizes.

The upper collar is cut from the leather and the under collar is denim. The separating zipper is asymmetrical and the lapel linings (exposed), made from a heavy weight woven print, fall nicely, complementing the leather and the denim.

This was a fun and creative project – I was very happy to participate.

Barbara Hendricks Contest Entry

Stacey Smith – Runner Up

I bought this suit at Salvation Army – it was originally bought at a well-known store in Worcester MA, “Shacks”, that went out of business recently. I used McCall’s pattern M5936, and every stitch of fabric from the suit for the jacket. I really enjoyed doing this upcycle project – it got me out of my comfort zone.

Stacey Smith Contest Entry

Melanie Dumas – Runner Up

My entry to the Upcycling Contest began as a cotton yellow floral sleeveless jumper which I had made years ago. I deconstructed it for use of the top of my contest dress. The maroon skirt of the dress is a peach skin fabric. The neckline and armholes were bound in coordinating bias tape.

I placed green peridot shaded beading on the hot pink floral centers of the dress’s top. This beading does sparkle in the appropriate lighting. The front of the top of my dress curves and flares to the sides while the back comes to a centered point.

I am going to make a summer wrap to complement the dress for a summer wedding.

Melanie Dumas Contest Entry

~ Thank you to Denise Carlson, Central MA Chapter President for this submission

August 27, 2021

Best Pressed…Without an Iron

There are times when you need to press something flat or press a fold, but for one reason or another, you don’t want to or can’t use an iron. But never fear, there are other ways.

We all know the importance of pressing to set seams, make crisp edges, etc., but some fabrics don’t like heat from an iron—they can melt, scorch or become totally destroyed from even the coolest of iron heat. Others tend to imprint from the iron’s heat, leaving telltale lines showing the iron’s outline or soleplate’s steam holes. Some dyes, especially in handprinted fabrics, may be heat sensitive and pressing with an iron can cause irreversible color changes.

Think of some of your more unusual fabrics that are fun to work with—like screening, faux suedes, vinyls, laminates, oil cloths, waxed canvases, and many sheers or metallics—all of these are candidates for no-iron pressing.

But, how do you press without an iron? The answer comes in the form of two handy tools—a seam roller and an iron finger.

Seam pressing with a 4-in-1 tool from Alex Anderson — 4-in-1 tool from Alex Anderson

Seam Roller

You may be familiar with a seam roller from any wallpapering experiences—the roller is used to flatten the seams at the paper edge joinings and to help remove air bubbles for a flat application. But, take that roller to your sewing room to give it new life. Many sewing companies make seam rollers specifically for craft applications—the roller portion can be made from plastic, wood or ceramic.

One thing the seam rollers have in common is that the roller wheel may not be totally flat. There is a rise in the center portion of the roller so that it hits only the narrow area being “pressed” and contact doesn’t extend beyond the center. This eliminates imprinting on delicate fabrics—a term used to describe a visible line on the right side of a seam where the seam allowance edges drop off.

A seam roller can be used to open seams and keep them flat, or it can be used to press both seam allowances to one side. Simple even pressure along the stitching line works for either. The roller can also be used to press a folded edge, like around an appliqué or facing. It’s also great for creating a flat seam when paper piecing. If the fabric can tolerate it, roll the seam or edge from both the right and wrong side for a flatter result.

Clover Roll Press — Clover Press Perfect Roll & Press

For best results, use the seam roller on a hard surface, like a table or rotary cutting mat, not on a soft surface like your ironing board.

In addition to no-iron pressing, the seam roller can be used in conjunction with the iron for added pressure. A great place to combine them is when tailoring wool—shoot the area with steam from the iron and press it further with the roller to embed the moisture.

Tip: If you’re heading to a sewing retreat, take your seam roller to avoid standing in line waiting for an iron. Simply press at your work station with the roller.

Iron Finger

Also used to flatten seams, an iron finger is much like its name suggests—a round (or squared) piece of wood or silicone with a flat end. The flat end can be used just like the seam roller to open or flatten seams and edges, while the rounded (or squared) portion can serve as a mini pressing surface to open otherwise hard to reach seams, with or without an iron—think shoulder straps or purse handles. The tool simply fits inside the sewn piece so that the seam allowances are exposed at the top of it for easy pressing.

An iron finger can be a stand-alone tool, or it can be combined with other tool functions, like a stiletto or seam ripper.

Pressing with a Clover Iron Finger — Using an iron with a Clover Iron Finger

Finger Pressing

Never fear, you can press seams just with your finger or fingernail on many fabrics, especially quilting cottons. Another time saver so you don’t have to leave the machine or use any heat or steam.

Simply open the seam (or fold it to one side) and run your finger or fingernail along the seam line, applying some pressure as you go.

Finger pressing is ideal for things like suedes, vinyl, sequined fabrics and other delicates when an iron just isn’t a good option.

~Linda Griepentrog

Linda is the owner of G Wiz Creative Services and she does writing, editing and designing for companies in the sewing, crafting and quilting industries. In addition, she escorts fabric shopping tours to Hong Kong. She lives at the Oregon Coast with her husband Keith, and two dogs, Yohnuh and Abby. Contact her at .

August 20, 2021

Fabric Sources: Plants (part 2)

This is article 2 of a multi-part series focusing on three categories of fabric – fabric made from plants, from living beings, and from minerals. Part 2 covers some of the more unusual and unexpected plants that are used to create fabric.

Plants (part 1) | Plants (part 2 )
Living Things: Silk | Living Things: Wool | Other Living Things
Minerals: Acrylics, Polyester, & Nylon (part 1) | Minerals: Spandex and Rayon (part 2)

And Now for the Not-So-Usual…

Hemp

Not your typical marijuana plant, hemp can now be legally grown (within very specific restrictions) throughout the US. A more familiar use of this plant is as a source of CBD oil. And while it only captures a small portion of the textile market — less than 1% — it is also used to make fabric.

Hemp fibers can be woven and knitted to create fabric and has been used to make cloth since ancient times. The mixture of hemp with cotton, linen, silk, and wool gives hemp greater softness, while adding strength and durability to the product.

How is it processed?

Hemp fiber is obtained from the stem of the plant. Prior to the 1980s, hemp fabric was considered too rough to comfortably wear, but new processing techniques have made it much more wearable. Producers discovered a process using enzymes that removed the fibers’ roughness while still allowing it to retain its durability. Fiber-grown hemp is much less labor-intensive than CBD hemp, but with limited processing plants in the US, most hemp fabrics are generated in other parts of the world. For a peek inside a processing plant, watch this 2-minute video.

Pros: Hemp absorbs dyes well, is hypo-allergenic, durable, and resistant to both ultraviolet light and mold. It gets softer each time it is laundered and keeps you cool in summer and warm in winter. It is also naturally resistant to bacteria, which means it is odor resistant with fewer washings.
Cons: Spinning and weaving the tough fibers into fabric requires extra attention and effort. Hemp fabric, like linen, tends to wrinkle easily. Plus, due to its limited availability, it can be more difficult to find.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

One of the most relevant features of hemp is that it captures large quantities of carbon. It is relatively drought tolerant and can usually withstand frost. It is fast-growing and resists pests and can even heal the soil by restoring vital nutrients. On the same amount of land, hemp can produce 2.5 times more fiber than cotton and 6 times more fiber than flax!

Where can you buy it?

Hemp is much less prolific than those “usual suspects” we’ve already covered. Of the available suppliers, only one offers 100% hemp fabric; the others offer only hemp blends. Here are a few sources if you want to give hemp a try.

Hemp Traders
Nature’s Fabrics
Organic Cotton Plus (has some 100% hemp fabric)

Mushrooms

If you are looking for a natural leather replacement, why not try Mushroom Leather? Mushroom leather is a vegan-friendly material used as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to animal leather. Watch this 2-minute video to get a look at this unusual suspect.

How is it processed?

It all starts with Mycelium; the fungus mushrooms are made of. When harnessed as a technology, it can be used to create everything from a plant-based steak to fabric. The cells are grown on beds of agricultural waste and the byproducts are compressed into an interconnected 3D network. Finally, it is tanned and dyed to create a product that resembles leather.

Pros: Mushroom leather is soft, durable, and naturally waterproof. It accepts dye well and is easy to sew. It is extremely light-weight and flexible, which makes it a great candidate for a wide range of projects.
Cons: Mushroom leather is very difficult to find.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

Mushroom leather is an environmentally friendly material because it can be treated without using polluting substances. At the end of its life, the material is completely biodegradable and compostable.

Where can you buy it?

Mushroom leather is primarily sold wholesale to the fashion industry; however, there is one retail source. If you have an adventurous spirit and some padding in your pocketbook, here is a place you can shop:

Life Materials (MuSkin)

Oranges

Fabrics are formed from a silk-like cellulose yarn made from citrus waste that can blend with other materials. When used in its purest form, the resulting 100% citrus textile features a soft and silky hand-feel, lightweight, and can be opaque or shiny.

How is it processed?

Fabric is produced from hundreds of thousands of tons of citrus juice byproduct — the so-called ‘pastazzo’ that would otherwise go to waste. It is then formed into a silk-like cellulose yarn that can blend with other materials. Watch this cute 1-minute video for a little insight into the process and then explore a pictorial explanation that shows what results from the various steps at http://orangefiber.it/process/.

Pros: Orange fabric is soft, strong, drapes beautifully, and is wrinkle resistant. The natural citrus oils within the fabric contain vitamins A, C and E which are released and absorbed through the skin, making the fabric a wearable body cream. The oils are reported to last at least 20 washing cycle!
Cons: You can’t buy it anywhere.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

From the perspective of safeguarding the interests of the environment, the world production of waste materials in the form of orange peels exceeds 700 tons per year. By utilizing this waste productively, it is offering a solution.

Where can you buy it?

While there have been limited collaborations with a few designers (H&M, Ferrigamo, E Marinella), we can find no retail fabric sources. So, for now, this is not something you can try sewing with at home.

Bananas

While it may sound cutting-edge to create fabric from a banana plant, it was actually back in the 13th century when banana fiber cloth was first introduced in Japan. It comes from leave sheaths around the stem of the plant of abacá, a species of banana. The length of the fibers can be more than 3 meters long. Currently, it is being increasingly used in the manufacturing of garments, household textiles and upholstery thanks to innovations in the process of this fiber.

How is it processed?

Abacá banana plants are organically cultivated in the Philippine islands. They are harvested and shredded into the natural fibers, then spun into threads that are woven to create the banana fabric. Watch this 8-minute video for a great peek into the process.

Pros: Banana fabric is naturally delicate and silk-like in texture and yet incredibly strong. It is resistance to the effects of salt water and buoyant.
Cons: It is very expensive and hard to find.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

Abacá banana plants regenerate fully within one year of being harvested. The plants are organically cultivated in Philippine islands and require no chemical treatments. And when the bags do eventually reach the end of their life cycle, they leave no trace because the fabric is biodegradable, and the components are recyclable.

Where can you buy it?

This is another fabric that you will not find easily and when you do find it, you will pay for the privilege of securing some for your home sewing stash. These two specialty sellers on Etsy are the only sources currently.

Pineapples

Often referred to as ‘pineapple leather,’ Piñatex^®manufactures this material from the leaves of the pineapple, which are traditionally discarded or burned. There are several variations of the textile, with new developments for naturally dyed and 100% natural versions without the synthetic coating sometimes used to weatherproof the leather.

How is it processed?

The fibers of the pineapple leaves are pulled apart, dried, and then brought together through a processing system which creates a non-woven substrate. This interim product is shipped to Spain where it is further processed into a leather like material. Watch this 2-minute video for a glimpse into the process.

Pros: Pineapple leather is soft, lightweight, flexible, and can be easily printed on, stitched, embossed, embroidered, and cut for different design uses. The leather-like material is easy to care for, strong, and durable.
Cons: Not quite as skin friendly as mushroom, but still good for all traditional leather uses. As with many of these unusual plant fabrics, pineapple leather is expensive and difficult to find.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

The pineapple industry globally produces about 40K tons of pineapple leaf waste. Using the leaves creates an additional income stream for rural farming communities. The residual production waste is used as a natural fertilizer. No toxic chemicals are involved in production, however, some of the leather has an added coating (often resin) to make it waterproof which is not quite as environmentally friendly.

Where can you buy it?

There appears to be only one supplier of pineapple leather. You can purchase online, and have it shipped, but it will be coming to you from Spain.

Ananas Anam

Grapes

“Wine leather” or “grape leather” transforms grape skins, seeds and stalks discarded during wine production from waste into a vegetal leather. And since 26B liters of wine are produced worldwide every year, the potential here is noteworthy.

How is it processed?

The solid remains of grapes after pressing (grape pomace, including the skins, pulp, seeds and stems) are combined with vegetable oil and water-based polyurethane. This creates an eco-composite (a combination) material. This biobased material is then coated onto organic cotton, resulting in a leather alternative made of more than 70% renewable and recycled raw materials. Watch this 30 second video to see a little bit more. https://vimeo.com/519449696

VEGEA from vegea vegea on Vimeo.

Pros: Creates a supple, durable leather-like fabric.
Cons: Not available for purchase.

What about sustainability and the environmental impact?

While the production process doesn’t waste water and uses modified, existing machinery to transform what would otherwise create carbon dioxide when burnt, the material is not yet biodegradable and is difficult to recycle. However, the material is low-wash and long-lasting, creating long-term use of items and thus less frequency of discard.

Where can you buy it?

Like orange leather, grape leather does not seem to be available to the public. Several fashion companies, including H&M had products made from grape leather for sale, just no source for pieces of the leather for your home stash.

Have we planted any ideas?

That’s a wrap of our exploration of plants in fabric. While you may never sew with many of the “unusual suspects” highlighted in this article, we hope you have enjoyed the journey. There are so many surprising uses of plants in the world of fabric and fashion that we’ve never considered!

~Sheryl Belson

August 18, 2021

Meet JoAnn Krause

During the summer of 2019, I first heard of JoAnn Krause and began my quest to learn more about this behind-the-scenes sewing icon. You may not recognize the name, but as a sewer, you have probably benefited from some of her pioneering efforts.

The story of JoAnn Krause of JKOriginals, is of a woman whose contribution to the home sewing industry was innovative in the development of educational material, the introduction of serger machines, industry sewing techniques, product resources, and the use of emerging media technology such as VHS-taped lessons. The sheer industriousness and resourcefulness of this woman makes her a giant in the home sewing industry.

Where It Began

Born JoAnn Jascor in Owen, WI in 1937, she grew up in an era when most women made their own clothing as well as that for their families. “My mom was always a sewer. I picked up the talent from her,” explained JoAnn. She married Donald Krause in 1962 and soon began a family. Eventually she began to work part-time in the apparel industry for a company called Fashion Services, Inc, owned by Nancy Olson. It was here that JoAnn learned pattern design and grading. “I believe Nancy pioneered multi-sized patterns,” JoAnn asserts.

After Nancy moved her business to California, JoAnn decided to strike out on her own. “I started teaching in community education programs in the evenings. I loved teaching because all the students were so eager to learn. Most were middle aged, but I had all ages, even men.” She began with lingerie classes, then went to everything from bras and girdles to sportswear and swim suits. The popularity of her classes brought her invitations to go to different school districts, and then came the demand for printed material of the instructions. Along the way she developed patterns for hats and purses using Ultrasuede, as well as ski outfits inspired by her entire family.

Joining ASG

JoAnn Krause circa 1980's — JoAnn Krause circa 1980’s

JoAnn became a member of ASG in 1984 after attending the conference in San Francisco “Getting involved with the American Sewing Guild and other sewing expos, I decided I had to upgrade the quality of my manuals. With the help of my husband who was a typesetter; a niece who was a graphic artist; and my very talented sister-in-law, I wrote all the instructions and drew all the illustrations. Because I disliked commercial pattern instructions, all my techniques were taken from the industry… I teach industrial techniques. They’re fast and efficient, and are completed by machine for a more professional appearance.”

“In all the years of teaching,” she reflects, “I had over ten thousand student names on my mailing list. I made all my own garments and samples in the 80s and 90s. I devoted all my time to learning the craft.” Sewing wasn’t just a business, it was a social network of like-minded folks enjoying time together and learning their craft.

Concerning her use of industry techniques, JoAnn said in an ABC Newspaper article Sew Like a Pro in Half the Time, “When you are making a blouse with a collar, for example, why start with a 5/8″ seam around the neckline? First, you have to staystitch the neck edge so it doesn’t stretch. Then you sew the seam. Then you trim and grade it. Why not just sew with a quarter inch seam to begin with? You eliminate all those extra steps. In the industry, they start with quarter-inch seams to save time and money.”

Starting JKOriginals

Thus began JKOriginals which consisted of several sewing seminars and ran from 1986 through 1994. The in-person classes covered jackets, blouses, skirts, and pants with easy to follow illustrations and creative ideas on redesigning these basics, as well as lessons on VHS tapes.

Sew For Snow was for an outerwear jacket and pants and featured the new Thinsulated material.
Stretch Your Imagination used a combination of knit and woven fabrics to create a family’s entire casual wardrobe. It allowed the student to create numerous styles of tops, pants, shorts, skirts, and jumpsuits from a basic pattern, much like many of the current independent designers are doing today.

By 1990, she was introducing the home sewer to the then new serger and highlighted its features, sewing techniques, and trouble shooting. She also produced a catalog of tools, patterns, and new products that JoAnn considered the best, most unique, and lowest priced items.

JoAnn was firm about her “no handwork” rule and her patterns used industry construction techniques. Her tips highlighted the way fashion trends moved darts, created necklines and collar variations, modified sleeves and lapels, and added pockets and trims.

In a 1990 Sew News article titled “New Again Heirlooms,” JoAnn offered a pattern and design inspiration for creating garments from Battenberg lace table cloths and linens. The article became her signature teaching technique during this fashion trend. The JKOriginals brand was known across the United States and into Canada.

JoAnn spent decades teaching and bringing new sewing techniques to the sewing public. When VHS gave way to DVDs, USB sticks, and direct downloads, and typeset publishing yielded to computer desktop published and pdf files, sadly JKOriginals did not transition with technology and the lesson manuals and educational videos are no longer available. Yet, the material is timeless for garment sewers as is her enduring story of the spirit of a sewing entrepreneur.

JKOriginals books

~Kathleen DeMuth

August 13, 2021

What to Do With All Those Fabric Scraps

If you sew, let’s face it, you create fabric scraps. With a world focus on going green, it’s not acceptable anymore to simply send leftovers to the landfill. So what can you do with all those pieces you no longer need?

Giving scraps a new home

If you just have to get the scrap fabric out of your house, try looking for someone who may need them:

My local mechanic loves getting cotton weight fabric to use for rags. Anything that will sop up a spill or wipe off greasy hands is welcome. This helps him save the cost of buying rags, plus he then burns the used ones in his wood stove to heat his shop. Scraps — or even used clothing minus buttons, zippers, etc. — should be at least 12 inches square. Clean fabric that is sun faded, misprinted, or even stained works fine, and he doesn’t even mind wrinkles!
Schools, recreation centers, day care, and senior centers that offer art programs are often looking for donations of scraps that can be incorporated into their projects.
With the increased interest in sewing due to the pandemic, some libraries have begun holding sewing classes as part of their programming. Scraps are especially appreciated for their beginning quilting projects. Some libraries even accept sewing machines in working order so that patrons can check them out to use either on site or at home.

Libraries are also looking for volunteers to teach sewing in a one-time or on-going program. It’s a great way to promote sewing and ASG, especially during National Sewing Month in September.

Colleges with Fashion Design programs often have cash-strapped students who need fabric to complete collections and gratefully accept donations of those pieces that no longer seem to fit your style. Smaller pieces are also needed for the early sewing classes when they are just learning zipper insertion, plackets, etc.
Women’s shelters may have a sewing room for residents to use. Scraps can be used for patching clothes and creating items for little ones.

Giving scraps a new life

The most obvious answer is to create a scrap quilt. I had a friend who would cut her scraps into equal sized squares and throw them in 3 bags: lights, mediums, and darks. When she felt like sewing but didn’t have a project in mind, she would alternately reach into each bag and stitch the squares together into 9 patch squares, then stitch those squares together in a random fashion. She was not a purist, so she wasn’t worried about 100% cotton. She used blends and anything that felt appropriate. Not only did she get rid of those scraps, she was able to donate the quilts to veterans homes, shelters, and foster children’s programs.
Another friend told me she likes to use her scraps to make little zippered bags for cosmetics, jewelry, or even credit cards. If the piece is large enough, the entire bag can be made from the same fabric, or separate scraps can be pieced together to create a quilted look. These little bags can be kept on hand for quick little gifts.
If you hate wasting money on wrapping paper that just gets crumpled up and thrown away, why not make reusable gift bags? Large scraps can be used for the entire bag, or smaller ones can be strip pieced to create the desired size. And they can be any size from those that hold a ring to an extra large package. I like to take leftover pieces of lace and sew it to the top edge, then fold the fabric in half and stitch down the side and across the bottom. Sometimes I even tuck two scraps of ribbon (at least 12” long) into the side seam to use as a tie and create a pretty self bow. In just a matter of minutes you can have a gift bag done to use the next time you need to wrap a present. Your recipient will be so impressed. Just don’t tell them it was made from scraps.

Scraps for Charity

What about those batting scraps that quilters often produce? Take simple pictures from a coloring book and cut out animal or geometric shapes from fabric. Stuff with leftover batting and donate to first responders to give to children at the scenes of accidents or domestic violence cases.
A neighborhood groups in my chapter is dedicated to charity work. One of their projects is a fidget quilt that they donate to a local visiting nurse program for their Alzheimer’s and dementia patients. They create the quilts by taking 4” to 6” squares of brightly patterned or textured fabric and sewing them together to create a small laptop quilt of approximately 18-24”. The fabrics are sewn together to create the top and backed with a solid fabric. Batting may be used, but it is not required. The two pieces are quilted together along the block lines. Patients are attracted to the bright colors and textures and are often soothed by touching them.
My personal favorite (because it uses up every tiny scrap bit) is to create animal bed pillows. I use heavier weight fabric to create the pillow by cutting an 18” square or larger (or piece several smaller scraps together to achieve the desired size). Then I sew two of these squares together, stitching around the four sides and leaving an opening of about 5 inches. I always have one of these “pillows” in progress in my sewing room. As I cut out each new project, I take the leftovers and trim them into small 1” pieces and throw them into the “pillow.” I even use the trimmings from the serger. When it is loosely filled to about 2/3 to ¾ capacity, I machine stitch the opening closed. Animal shelters and veterinarians accept these pillows and send them home with the animals. It’s a great way to use up scraps and help our four- legged friends at the same time.

What do you do with your leftover scrap fabric? Hopefully some of these ideas will challenge you to accept the go green concept and you are creatively using those scraps instead of stuffing our landfills.

~Rosemary Fajgier